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Section 1 · அறத்துப்பால் (Virtue) · Chapter 19 / 133

Not Backbiting

புறங்கூறாமை
Kural 184

கண்ணின்று கண்ணறச் சொல்லினும் சொல்லற்க
முன்னின்று பின்நோக்காச் சொல்.

kaṇṇiṉṟu kaṇṇaṟas solliṉum sollaṟka / muṉṉiṉṟu piṉnōkkās sol

Modern readingAI draft

Even if someone has rebuked you to your face, mercilessly, do not say behind their back a word that ignores its consequences.

Other translations · Pope (1886) & Aiyar (1916)
G.U. Pope1886

In presence though unkindly words you speak, say not / In absence words whose ill result exceeds your thought.

V.V.S. Aiyar1916

Slander not a man behind his back, even though he hath insulted thee to thy very face.

Read for

The Kural in life

AI draft · Pending review
In everyday life

Say it to the face, or not at all.

Valluvar draws a clear line about where criticism belongs. Even if someone has rebuked you to your face without any mercy, do not say behind their back a careless word that takes no thought of its consequences. Harsh truth spoken openly may be allowed; the same words whispered in a person's absence are not.

Parimelazhagar: the back-word ignores its harm.

Parimelazhagar contrasts two speeches: one said to the face, even without kindly restraint, is open and answerable; but the 'back-word' is one 'that does not look to the harm that follows.' The difference is accountability — the face-to-face word can be met and corrected; the absent-word does damage no one present can check. So refuse the latter even if provoked.

The integrity test of criticism.

Here is a workable rule for an age of group chats and whispered asides: would you say this with the person in the room? If yes, say it openly and own it. If not, the words have failed the test — not because criticism is wrong, but because criticism that hides from its target is the cowardly, consequence-blind kind Valluvar forbids. Provocation does not lift the rule; even a face-full of insults does not license a behind-the-back reply.

The pattern named

Don't say behind a back what you wouldn't (or didn't) say to the face.

Valluvar draws the line: even if rebuked harshly to your face, don't say a careless, consequence-blind word behind a back. Parimelazhagar: the face-to-face word is open and answerable, but the back-word 'doesn't look to the harm that follows' — no one present can check it. Provocation doesn't lift the rule.

The counsel

Use the test: would you say it with the person in the room?

For an age of group chats and whispered asides, use Valluvar's rule: would you say this with the person present? If yes, say it openly and own it. If not, the words fail the test — criticism that hides from its target is the cowardly kind. And note: even being insulted to your face doesn't license a behind-the-back reply.

The Tamil heart
கண்ணின்றுkaṇṇiṉṟuகண்ணின்று is கண் (eye) + நின்று (standing) — 'standing before the eyes,' to a person's face. The verse contrasts speaking கண்ணின்று (openly, to the face) with the cowardly word said behind the back. English needs 'to one's face'; the Tamil image is vivid and literal — standing in the eye-line of the one you speak about — which is exactly the openness the back-biter avoids.